Okokuqala, i-surfactant
Izigaba ezintathu ezilandelayo zama-surfactants zivame ukusetshenziswa:
1. I-anionic surfactant
1) I-Sodium alkyl Benzene sulfonate (LAS)
Izici: I-biodegradability enhle ye-LAS eqondile;
Isicelo: Isetshenziswa njengesithako esiyinhloko sempushana yokuwasha.
2) Utshwala obunamafutha polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES)
Izici: inyibilika emanzini, i-decontamination enhle kanye negwebu, kuhlanganiswe ne-LAS decontamination nokusebenza kahle.
Isicelo: Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-shampoo, uketshezi lokugeza, i-cutlery LS.
3) I-alkane sulfonate yesibili (SAS)
Izici: igwebu nokugeza umphumela ofana ne-LAS, ukuncibilika okuhle kwamanzi.
Isicelo: Ekwenziweni okuwuketshezi kuphela, njengesihlanzi esiwuketshezi sasendlini sokuwasha izitsha.
4) I-Fatty alcohol sulfate (FAS)
Izici: Ukumelana okuhle kwamanzi aqinile, kodwa ukumelana ne-hydrolysis embi;
Isicelo: ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa ukulungisa okokuhlanza okuwuketshezi, okokuhlanza i-tableware, ama-shampoos ahlukahlukene, imithi yokuxubha amazinyo, ukumanzisa izindwangu kanye nama-ejenti okuhlanza kanye ne-emulsifying polymerization embonini yamakhemikhali. I-Powdery FAS ingasetshenziswa ukulungisa i-powdery cleaning agent kanye ne-pesticide wetting powder powder.
5) α -olefin sulfonate (AOS)
Izici: Ukusebenza okufana ne-LAS. Ayicasuli kakhulu esikhumbeni futhi yehlisa isithunzi ngesivinini esisheshayo.
Isicelo: Ikakhulu isetshenziselwa ukulungisa okokuhlanza okuwuketshezi nezimonyo.
6) I-fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate (MES)
Izici: umsebenzi omuhle wangaphezulu, ukuhlakazeka kwensipho ye-calcium, ukuwashwa nokuhlanza, ukubola okuhle kwe-biodegradability, ubuthi obuphansi, kodwa ukumelana ne-alkaline.
Isicelo: ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa njenge-calcium insipho dispersant for block insipho kanye insipho powder.
7) Utshwala obunamafutha polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate (AEC)
Izici: ukuncibilika kwamanzi, ukumelana namanzi aqinile, ukuhlakazeka kwensipho ye-calcium, ukumanzisa, ukukhihliza amagwebu, ukungcola, ukucasuka okuncane, okuncane esikhumbeni namehlo;
Isicelo: Isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-shampoos ahlukahlukene, okugeza okuyigwebu kanye nemikhiqizo yokuvikela umuntu.
8) Usawoti we-Acylsarcosine (Umuthi)
Izici: i-soluble emanzini, igwebu elihle kanye ne-detergency, imelana namanzi aqinile, imnene esikhumbeni;
Isicelo: esetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwe-toothpaste, i-shampoo, uketshezi lokugeza kanye neminye imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu, isikali esikhanyayoI-Detergent LS,I-glass Detergent, i-carpet Detergent kanye ne-Fine fabric Detergent.
9) I-Oleyl polypeptide (Remibang A)
Izici: insipho ye-calcium inamandla amahle okuhlakazeka, izinzile emanzini aqinile kanye nesisombululo se-alkaline, isisombululo se-asidi kulula ukubola, ukumunca umswakama kulula, amandla okunciphisa amandla abuthakathaka, ukucasuka okuncane esikhumbeni;
Isicelo: isetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwezimboni ezihlukahlukeneOkokuhlanza LS.
I-ejenti yokuhlanza izingubo _ i-ejenti yokuhlanza
2. Ama-surfactants angewona ama-ionic
1) Utshwala obunamafutha i-polyoxyethylene ether (AEO)
Izici: Ukuzinza okuphezulu, ukuncibilika kwamanzi okuhle, ukumelana ne-electrolyte, i-biodegradation elula, igwebu elincane, alizwani namanzi aqinile, ukusebenza kokugeza okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukuhambisana kahle nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo;
Isicelo: Ilungele ukuhlanganisa okokuhlanza okuwuketshezi oluyigwebu eliphansi.
2) I-Alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether (APE)
Izici: i-solubilizing, ukumelana namanzi aqinile, ukwehla, umphumela omuhle wokugeza.
Isicelo: esetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwe-liquid ehlukahlukene kanye ne-powder detergent.
3) Amafutha acid alkanolamide
Izici: ukumelana okuqinile kwe-hydrolytic, okunegwebu eliqinile kanye nomphumela wokuzinzisa, amandla amahle okugeza, amandla oku-solubilizing, ukumanzisa, i-antistatic, ukuthamba kanye nomphumela wokujiya.
Isicelo: esetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwe-shampoo, uketshezi lokugeza, okokuhlanza uketshezi lwasendlini, okokuhlanza izimboni, i-rust inhibitor, izinsiza zendwangu, njll.
4) I-Alkyl glycosides (APG)
Izici: ukungezwani okuphansi kwendawo, ukungcola okuhle, ukuhambisana okuhle, i-synergistic, igwebu elihle, ukuncibilika kahle, ukumelana ne-alkali ne-electrolyte, ikhono elihle lokujiya, ukuhambisana kahle nesikhumba, ithuthukisa kakhulu ifomula ethambile, engenabuthi, engacasuli, ukubola kalula .
Isicelo: Ingasetshenziswa njengempahla eyinhloko yomkhakha wamakhemikhali wansuku zonke njenge-shampoo, ijeli yokugeza, isihlanzi sobuso, okokuhlanza izingubo, uketshezi lokugeza izandla, uketshezi lokugeza izitsha, i-ejenti yokuhlanza imifino nezithelo. Ibuye isetshenziswe ku-soap powder, i-phosphorus - okokuhlanza mahhala, i-phosphorus - okokuhlanza mahhala nezinye izihlanzi zokwenziwa.
5) Imikhiqizo ye-fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylation (MEE)
Izici: izindleko eziphansi, ukuncibilika kwamanzi okusheshayo, igwebu eliphansi, ukucasuka okuncane esikhumbeni, ubuthi obuphansi, ukubola okuhle kwe-biodegradation, akukho ukungcola.
Uhlelo lokusebenza: lusetshenziselwa ukulungisa izinto zokuhlanza uketshezi, okokuhlanza okuqinile, okokuhlanza komuntu siqu, njll.
6) I-saponin yetiye
Izici: ikhono eliqinile lokuqeda ukungcola, i-analgesia elwa nokuvuvukala, ukubola okuhle kwe-biodegradation, akukho ukungcola.
Isicelo: isetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwe-detergent kanye ne-shampoo
7) Ukulahlekelwa i-sorbitol fatty acid ester (Span) noma ukulahlekelwa i-sorbitol polyoxyethylene ether ester (Phakathi) :
Izici: non-toxic, low irritant.
Isicelo: Isetshenziselwa ukulungisa okokuhlanza
8) I-Oxide tertiary amines (OA, OB)
Izici: ikhono elihle lokukhihliza amagwebu, ukuzinza okuhle kwegwebu, ubufakazi be-bactericidal kanye nesikhutha, ukucasuka okuncane esikhumbeni, ukuhlanza okuvamile, ukuhlanganisa okuhle nokuxhumana.
Isicelo: sisetshenziselwa ukulungisa okokugeza okuwuketshezi njenge-shampoo, uketshezi lokugeza kanye nesihlanzi se-tableware.
3. I-surfactant ye-amphoteric
1) Imidazoline amphoteric surfactant:
Izici: amandla okugeza amahle, ukumelana ne-electrolyte, ukuzinza kwe-acid-base, i-antistatic kanye nokuthambile, ukusebenza okuthambile, okungeyona ubuthi, ukucasuka okuphansi esikhumbeni.
Isicelo: esetshenziselwa ukulungisa okokuhlanza izingubo, i-shampoo, uketshezi lokugeza, njll.
2) I-imidazoline amphoteric surfactant evula indandatho:
Izici: i-blister emnene, ephezulu.
Isicelo: isetshenziswa ekulungiseleleni imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu, abahlanzi basendlini, njll.
Okwesibili, izithasiselo zokugeza
1. Indima yezithasiselo zokuhlanza
Umsebenzi wangaphezulu othuthukisiwe; Ukuthambisa amanzi aqinile; Thuthukisa ukusebenza kwegwebu; Yehlisa ukucasuka kwesikhumba; Thuthukisa ukubukeka komkhiqizo.
Izinsiza zokuwasha zihlukaniswe ngama-inorganic and organic auxiliaries.
2. Izithasiselo ezingaphili
1) Phosphate
Ama-phosphates asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4), i-sodium tripolyphosphate (Na5P3O10), ne-tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (K4P2O7).
Indima eyinhloko sodium tripolyphosphate: ao, ukuze amanzi kanzima emanzini athambile; Ingahlakaza, ihlanganise futhi incibilikise izinhlayiya ezingaphili noma amaconsi kawoyela. Gcina isixazululo esinamanzi sibe ne-alkaline ebuthakathaka (pH 9.7); I-powder yokuwasha akulula ukumunca umswakama kanye ne-agglomerate.
2) I-sodium silicate
Eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi: i-sodium silicate noma i-paohua alkali;
Ifomula yemolekyuli: Na2O·nSiO2 · xH2O;
Isikali: ngokuvamile 5% ~ 10%.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-sodium silicate: ukumelana nokugqwala kwendawo yensimbi; Ingakwazi ukuvimbela ukungcola ukufaka endwangu;Okokuhlanza LS
Ukwandisa amandla okugeza izinhlayiya zempushana ukuze uvimbele ukubhaka.
3) I-sodium sulfate
Yaziwa nangokuthi yi-Mirabilite (Na2SO4)
Ukubukeka: i-crystal emhlophe noma i-powder;
Indima eyinhloko ye-sodium sulfate: i-filler, okuqukethwe kwe-powder yokuwasha yi-20% ~ 45%, inganciphisa izindleko zokugeza powder; Kuyasiza ukunamathela kwe-surfactant ebusweni bendwangu; Nciphisa i-micelle ebalulekile ye-surfactant.
4) I-Sodium carbonate
Eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi: i-soda noma i-soda, i-Na2CO3;
Ukubukeka: impushana emhlophe noma izinhlayiya ezinhle zekristalu
Izinzuzo: ingenza i-saponification yokungcola, futhi igcine inani elithile le-pH lesisombululo se-detergent, isiza ukuqeda ukungcola, inomphumela wokuthambisa amanzi;
Ukungalungi: i-alkaline eqinile, kodwa inamandla okukhipha amafutha;
Inhloso: Impushana yokuwasha yezinga eliphansi.
5) zeolite
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-molecular sieve, i-crystalline silicon aluminium usawoti, futhi umthamo wokushintshanisa we-Ca2+ unamandla, futhi i-sodium tripolyphosphate eyabiwe, ingathuthukisa umphumela wokuwasha.
6) Ibhulashi
Ikakhulukazi i-hypochlorite ne-peroxate izigaba ezimbili, okuhlanganisa: i-sodium hypochlorite, i-sodium perborate, i-sodium percarbonate njalonjalo.
Umsebenzi: ukuhlanza kanye nokukhishwa kwamakhemikhali.
Ngokuvamile ekukhiqizeni okokuhlanza okuyimpuphu ngemva kwenqubo yokuhlanganisa, inani lempushana ngokuvamile libalelwa ku-10% ~ 30% wekhwalithi.
7) i-alkali
2. Izithasiselo eziphilayo
1) I-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (i-anti-deposition agent)
Ukubukeka: impushana emhlophe noma emhlophe emhlophe noma izinhlayiya, kulula ukuyihlakaza emanzini ibe yisixazululo se-gelatin esobala.
Umsebenzi we-CMC: unomsebenzi wokujiya, ukusabalalisa, ukufaka i-emulsifying, ukumisa okwesikhashana, ukusimamisa igwebu nokuthwala ukungcola.
2) I-ejenti emhlophe ye-Fluorescent (FB)
Izinto ezidayiwe zinomphumela okhazimulayo ofana ne-fluorite, ukuze izinto ezibonwa ngeso lenyama zibe mhlophe kakhulu, umbala onemibala eminingi, zithuthukise ukubukeka kobuhle. Umthamo ngu-0.1% ~ 0.3%.
3) i-enzyme
Ama-enzyme okuhlanza ezentengiselwano yilawa: i-protease, i-amylase, i-lipase, i-cellulase.
4) I-Foam stabilizer kanye nesilawuli se-foam
I-Detergent ephezulu yegwebu: i-foam stabilizer
I-lauryl diethanolamine namafutha kakhukhunathi i-diethanolamine.
Isihlanzi segwebu eliphansi: isilawuli segwebu
I-Dodecanoic acid insipho noma i-siloxane
5) ingqikithi
Amakha akhiwe ngamakha ahlukahlukene futhi ahambisana kahle nezingxenye zokuhlanza. Azinzile ku-pH9 ~ 11. Izinga le-essensi elingezwe kumshini wokuhlanza ngokuvamile lingaphansi kuka-1%.
6) i-co-solvent
I-Ethanol, i-urea, i-polyethylene glycol, i-toluene sulfonate, njll.
Noma iyiphi into engenza buthaka ukuhlangana kwe-solute ne-solvent, ikhulise ukukhanga kwe-solute ne-solvent futhi ayinabungozi ekusebenzeni kokuwasha futhi eshibhile ingasetshenziswa njenge-co-solvent.
7) i-solvent
(1) Amafutha kaphayini: ukuvala inzalo
Utshwala, ama-ether nama-lipids: hlanganisa amanzi ne-solvent
I-solvent e-Chlorinated: enobuthi, esetshenziswa ezindaweni zokuhlanza ezikhethekile, i-ejenti yokuhlanza okomile.
8) I-ejenti ye-bacteriostatic
I-ejenti ye-Bacteriostatic ngokuvamile yengezwa kukhwalithi yezinkulungwane ezimbalwa, njengokuthi: i-tribromosalicylate aniline, i-trichloroacyl aniline noma i-hexachlorobenzene, ayinawo umphumela wokulwa namagciwane, kodwa ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa zengxenyana enkulu ingavimbela ukukhiqizwa kwamagciwane.
9) I-ejenti ye-Antistatic kanye nesithambisi sendwangu
Ngama-soft and antistatic cationic surfactants: i-dimethyl ammonium chloride dimethyl octyl ammonium bromide distearate, usawoti ophezulu we-alkyl pyridine usawoti, usawoti ophezulu we-alkyl imidazoline;
Ngama-surfactants athambile angewona ama-ionic: i-carbon alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers ephezulu ne-amine oxide enamaketanga ekhabhoni amade.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-20-2022